Acute kidney injury in kids: When do they need dialysis?

Kidneys keep the body healthy by removing waste, balancing fluids and salts, and controlling blood pressure. They are essential for overall well-being and proper body function. Sudden kidney failure, called Acute Kidney Injury (AKI), can develop in children over hours or days and may be life-threatening. Common causes include dehydration, severe infections, immune-related injuries, certain medications, or urinary obstruction. Symptoms to watch for are reduced urine output, swelling, high blood pressure, fatigue, poor appetite, nausea, or confusion.Diagnosis of AKI involves blood and urine tests to check kidney function, as well as ultrasounds to detect blockages or structural problems. Treatment focuses on addressing the cause, managing fluids and medications, and avoiding kidney-damaging drugs. Dialysis may be needed if the kidneys cannot maintain balance, with methods including peritoneal dialysis, hemodialysis, CRRT, or SLED. With prompt treatment, most children recover fully, though some may need long-term monitoring. Parents should ensure proper hydration, seek timely medical care for persistent vomiting, diarrhea, or low urine output, avoid unprescribed medications, and follow up on any kidney concerns.